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Fred Plum, M.D.

Arch Neurol. 1960;3(5):484-487.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

Since Legallois¹ discovered that restricted medullary lesions halted breathing. experimental studies on mammalian respiratory control have concentrated on determining how more or less localized brain stem regions modify respiration. From these studies has arisen the concept of a hierarchy of brain stem respiratory "centers," located in upper pons, lower pons, and medulla.^2-4 In the upper pons, the pneumotaxic center has been operationally defined as that area which, together with afferent vagus nerve influences, inhibits sustained inspiration and permits rhythmic breathing. In the lower pons is a region which, when unopposed, stimulates prolonged inspiratory cramps (apneusis). Separate medullary inspiratory and expiratory centers have been identified both by noting maximal responses to discrete stimuli^4,5 and, more recently, by exploring with microelectrodes.^6-9

Throughout the period of the above work, comparatively less emphasis was devoted to the pathological physiology responsible for disordered respiratory control in man. As a result, it . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Footnotes
Received for publication June 21, 1960.

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