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WILLIAM S. BATTERSBY, Ph.D.; IRVING H. WAGMAN, Ph.D.; ERIC KARP, B.A.; MORRIS B. BENDER, M.D.

Arch Neurol. 1960;3(1):24-42.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

"Primary" visual defects are usually defined as areas of complete or relative blindness (anopia or amblyopia) which are precisely localized in the field upon perimetric examination. Studies of patients with brain lesions have shown that the location and extent of such defects in the plotted field generally correlate with the locus and degree of damage in the geniculocalcarine system (Holmes and Lister, 1916; Spaulding, 1952, a, b). In conjunction with relevant anatomical (Polyak, 1932) and electrophysiological (Marshall and Talbot, 1942) data, these findings have led to the concept of a strict spatial (topological or "point-for-point") projection of visual function from retina to cerebrum (Marquis, 1935: Polyak, 1957).

Where special testing methods have been used to supplement the clinical examination, alterations in vision have been reliably demonstrated in portions of the field which appear "spared" upon perimetry. Such findings have been interpreted . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
New York

From the Department of Neurology, The Mount Sinai Hospital. Present address: Illinois State Psychiatric Institute, Chicago (Dr. Battersby).

Footnotes
Received for publication April 8, 1960.

This investigation was supported in part by Research Grants B-174 and B-294 from the Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, U.S. Public Health Service.

This procedure will be recognized as an extension of the classical method of evaluating the excitability of nervous tissue using electrical stimuli (for details see Katz, 1939). In these older studies, the test shock always followed the conditioning shock in time, and thresholds were determined at varying intervals by manipulating the intensity of the test stimulus. In the visual studies to be described, the test flash either preceded (negative intervals) or followed (positive intervals) the onset of the conditioning flash. Interaction between the impulses initiated by these two stimuli could therefore be exceedingly complex.

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