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Study in Normal Subjects and in Peripheral Facial Paresis

Jun Kimura, MD; J. Michael Powers, BA; Maurice W. Van Allen, MD

Arch Neurol. 1969;21(2):193-199.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

A REFLEX blink was first described by Overend¹ in 1896. Wartenberg² in 1945 recognized that blink reflexes evoked with different maneuvers were probably identical and proposed the term "orbicularis oculi reflex." Kugelberg³ studied the response of the orbicularis oculi muscle to a tap over the brow. He recognized two different responses, an early ipsilateral reflex (latency: 12 msec) and a late bilateral reflex (latency: 21 to 40 msec). From a comparison with the masseter reflex (latency: 7.5 msec), he postulated that the early reflex was transmitted through a simple arc compatible with a myotatic reflex. However, the nature and pathway of this arc is still in dispute. On the basis of animal experiments, Tokunaga et al⁴ suggested that the early reflex was relayed through the main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve rather than through the mesencephalic nucleus. The late bilateral reflex is probably transmitted through . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
Iowa City

From the Neurosensory Center and the Department of Neurology (Neurosensory Center Publication No. 165), College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.

Footnotes
Submitted for publication Jan 31, 1969; accepted April 8.

Reprint requests to the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals, Iowa City 52240 (Dr. Van Allen).

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