This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (16)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Alexander Magora, MD; Hanan Zauberman, MD

Arch Neurol. 1969;20(1):1-8.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

VON GRAEFE, in 1868,¹ was the first to describe a condition consisting of paresis of all the extraocular muscles which resembled internuclear progressive bulbar palsy, and which he therefore called "Ophthalmoplegia Externa Chronica Progressiva Internuclearis." Hutchinson,² in 1879, described 17 similar cases and called the disease External Ophthalmoplegia. In 1888, Gowers³ postulated degeneration of the nuclei of the ocular muscles as the direct cause and site of the disease. Fuchs,⁴ in 1890, reported the same condition in five women; he included a histopathological study of the levator palpebrae which showed signs of muscular atrophy, suggesting that the ptosis is of muscular origin.

Since then, both the site of the primary lesion and the nomenclature of the disease have been controversial. One group of ininvestigators^5-8 suggested a nuclear degeneration as the primary cause and accordingly named the disease Progressive Nuclear Ophthalmoplegia. A second group-^9-11 . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
Jerusalem, Israel

From the departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Dr. Magora) and Ophthalmology (Dr. Zauberman).

Footnotes
Submitted for publication May 5, 1968; accepted Aug 29.

Reprint requests to Hadassah University Hospital, PO Box 499, Jerusalem, Israel (Dr. Magora).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?