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Robert Y. Moore, MD; Alfred Heller, MD; Ranbir K. Bhatnager, BVSc; Richard J. Wurtman, MD; Julius Axelrod, PhD

Arch Neurol. 1968;18(2):208-218.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

UNDER 1 normal lighting conditions the rat pineal gland exhibits a diurnal variation in its content of the amines serotonin¹ and norepinephrine² and the enzyme hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase (HIOMT).³ Each of these rhythms is affected by changes in environmental lighting. The norepinephrine and HIOMT rhythms appear to be predominantly under photic control and are suppressed in animals kept in continuous light or darkness and in blinded animals.^3,4 The serotonin rhythm, in contrast, is eliminated when animals are placed in constant light but persists in animals deprived of visual stimulation.¹ Each of the rhythms is maintained by neural information transmitted to the pineal from the central nervous system by the cervical sympathetics. Denervation of the pineal by superior cervical ganglionectomy abolishes all of the rhythms.^2-4 In addition, destroying these nerves in the female rat suppresses the vaginal estrus response to continuous environmental illumination, a response . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
Chicago; Cambridge, Mass; Bethesda, Md

From the departments of pediatrics, anatomy, medicine (neurology), and pharmacology, University of Chicago (Drs. Moore, Heller, and Bhatnager); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Dr. Wurtman); and the Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (Dr. Axelrod).

Footnotes
Submitted for publication July 28, 1967; accepted Sept 11.

Reprint requests to Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, 950 E 59th Street, Chicago 60637 (Dr. Moore).

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