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Blood-Brain and CSF Barriers to Penicillin and Related Organic Acids
ROBERT A. FISHMAN, MD
Arch Neurol. 1966;15(2):113-124.
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Soon after the introduction of penicillin, it was recognized that only very low concentrations of the drug were obtained in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) despite high blood levels.1,2 The relative exclusion of this organic acid from the brain and CSF has been attributed to the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers, terms which imply an impedance to entry of mysterious nature. The barrier effect has been studied extensively in recent years, and it is well established that the physical properties of various substances may inhibit or enhance their ability to enter the brain and CSF.3-6 These properties, which are relevant to the transfer of compounds across all biological membranes, include: molecular size, degree of binding to serum proteins, lipid solubility, and the degree of ionization at the pH of the blood, CSF, and brain. However, the barrier effect has been shown to depend not only upon factors limiting entry into the
. . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]
Author Affiliations
NEW YORK
From the Neurological Clinical Research Center and the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the Neurological Institute, Presbyterian Hospital, New York.
Footnotes
Submitted for publication April 7, 1966; accepted April 27.
Read in part before the 89th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association, Atlantic City, June 15-17, 1964.
Reprint requests to Department of Neurology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco 94122.
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