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I. An Overall Review of Methods and Findings

AARON ANTONOVSKY, PhD; URI LEIBOWITZ, MD; HERBERT A. SMITH, MA; JACK M. MEDALIE, MD; MIRIAM BALOGH, PhD; RACHEL KATS, MA; LIPMAN HALPERN, MD; MILTON ALTER, MD

Arch Neurol. 1965;13(2):183-193.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

THE FREQUENCY of multiple sclerosis increases with latitude both in the northern^1-15 and southern hemisphere.^16,17 Ethnic differences apparently do not account for this peculiar distribution, as the disease occurs with essentially the same frequency among different ethnic groups born in the same region.^12-14 On the basis of these observations, it has been suggested that an environmental factor correlated with latitude may play an etiologic role in multiple sclerosis.^{1,2,11,14,18-22} Numerous factors known to vary with latitude have been suggested as possible etiologic agents including sunlight,^{11,12,16,19,20} temperature,^1,19,20 humidity,^19,23 and diet.^24-28 If an environmental factor is, indeed, of importance in etiology, it would be expected that populations with a high frequency of the disease would have greater exposure to the factor(s) than populations with low frequency. Moreover, within each population, patients with multiple sclerosis might have had a higher frequency of exposure to the . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
JERUSALEM, ISRAEL; Minneapolis

From the Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem. Assistant, Department of Neurology (Dr. Leibowitz); Dietician, (Dr. Balogh); Chief, Department of Neurology (Dr. Halpern); Faculty Associate, Department of Social Medicine and Sociologist, The Israel Institute of Applied Social Research (Dr. Antonovosky); Director, Manpower Planning Authority, Ministry of Labor, Jerusalem (Mr. Smith); Director, Ischemic Heart Disease Project, Ministry of Health and Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center (Dr. Medalie); Senior Research Assistant, The Israel Institute of Applied Social Research (Miss Kats); Instructor, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Hospitals, Minneapolis (Dr. Alter).

Footnotes
Submitted for publication Feb 16, 1965; accepted April 26.

Read before the symposium on "Recent Advances in the Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis" at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, October 1964.

Reprint requests to Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (Dr. Leibowitz).

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