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Simone Appenzeller, MD; Lilian T. L. Costallat, MD, PhD; Fernando Cendes, MD, PhD

Arch Neurol. 2006;63:458-460.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease frequently manifested by neuropsychiatric involvement, which occurs in up to 75% of patients, depending on the type of manifestations included. Primary involvement may vary from subtle signs, such as headache and mood disorders, to severe, life-threatening conditions, such as stroke, myelopathy, and acute confusional state. Any part of the peripheral or central nervous system (CNS) may be affected by the disease. The diagnosis of primary CNS involvement in SLE is often difficult because both focal and diffuse manifestations may occur. A wide range of differential diagnoses has to be considered, including metabolic abnormalities, infections, uremia, hypertension, and drug therapy.

LUPUS: TERM DEFINITION

Lupus is the Latin word for wolf and was frequently used in Roman art and poetry. The reason the term lupus gained a medical connotation is unknown. In The Origin . . . [Full Text of this Article]

FIRST CLINICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF LUPUS AS A DISEASE

CLINICAL STUDIES

CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA

PATHOGENESIS

TREATMENT

PROGNOSIS

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Author Affiliations: Rheumatology Unit, Departments of Internal Medicine and Neurology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.

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