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Patrick A. Tessman, MD; Jose I. Suarez, MD

Arch Neurol. 2002;59:1964-1969.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

Early Renaissance scientists were heavily influenced by psychological, philosophical, religious, sociological, and anthropological problems that perpetuated blind adherence to classically accepted doctrines. The unchallenged theories of Aristotle (384-322 BC) and Galen (AD 130-200), limited practice of cadaver dissection, and scarcity of books¹ during this time are just a few examples of early obstacles to the advancement of scientific thought. Printmaking and book printing, however, were breakthroughs that enabled science to progress by leaps and bounds. It is difficult to separate the advancements of printmaking and book printing because they are complementary. We will focus on the art of printmaking, present a synopsis of early printing, and discuss the corresponding development of the neurological sciences.

CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS

Perhaps the most complete and influential knowledge of brain function before the Renaissance was that of Galen.² Although most of his knowledge was derived from work on animal . . . [Full Text of this Article]

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINTED IMAGE

FROM MEDIEVAL CELL DOCTRINE TO NEUROLOGIAS

CONCLUSIONS

From Neurosciences Critical Care, Departments of Neurology (Drs Tessman and Suarez) and Neurosurgery (Dr Suarez), University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.