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Arch Neurol. 2002;59:1702-1705.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGISTS have produced the most satisfying explanations for why aging occurs in humans and other age-structured populations. The idea, reduced to its simplest form, is that we age because of a variety of gene actions that escape the force of natural selection. I have recently suggested a new classification of the types of gene actions that escape these forces, including "good" alleles that are the substrate for the evolution for decreased rates of aging and enhanced longevity.¹ These gene actions are dynamic and plastic, however; given a sufficient number of generations and a continuation of the current trends in our developed societies to postpone the ages of reproduction, one may anticipate the gradual emergence of modified life histories, with longer life spans for Homo sapiens. I speculate, however, that there will be an intermediate period of increasing mutational loads, perhaps with the emergence of novel late-onset diseases of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

CLASSIFICATION OF GENE ACTIONS THAT ESCAPE THE FORCE OF NATURAL SELECTION


LONGEVITY ASSURANCE GENES

ADAPTIVE GENE SILENCING

NONADAPTIVE LOSS OF GENE SILENCING

GOOD ALLELES WITH GOOD EFFECTS EARLY BUT BAD EFFECTS LATE

GOOD ALLELES THAT GO BAD EARLY OR LATE IN THE LIFE COURSE

BAD ALLELES THAT DO NOT REACH A PHENOTYPIC LEVEL OF EXPRESSION UNTIL LATE IN THE LIFE COURSE

GENE ACTIONS THAT UNDERLIE DIFFERENTIAL RATES OF AGING AND LONGEVITY ARE PLASTIC


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