Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Part 2: Control of Cell Death
Benjamin Wolozin, MD, PhD;
Christian Behl, PhD
Arch Neurol. 2000;57:801-804.
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INTRODUCTION
Recent research into mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders has lead to a dramatic increase in our understanding of the mechanisms of cell death and neuroprotection. Apoptosis is an active form of cell death that is carried out by proteins that are designed to kill the cell. Necrosis tends to occur as a by-product of excessive oxidative stress, which can be induced by agents such as  -amyloid, or excessive calcium influx induced by agents such as glutamate. The neuron also has strong homeostatic mechanisms that can delay or prevent activation of apoptosis and necrosis. The balance between neurotoxic and neuroprotective mechanisms determines whether a neuron lives or dies.
CELL DEATH AS NATURALLY OCCURRING MECHANISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND DURING NEURODEGENERATIVE EVENTS
Much of our knowledge of cell death comes from studies of physiological "programmed cell death." The term programmed cell death refers to the physiological suicide program that is . . . [Full Text of this Article]
CASPASES AS EXECUTORS OF CELL DEATH
APOPTOSIS IN NEURODEGENERATION
PRESENILINS AND APOPTOSIS
NECROSIS IN NEURODEGENERATION
NEUROPROTECTION: EXOGENOUS NEUROPROTECTION AND INTRACELLULAR NEUROPROTECTION—BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES
OUTLOOK
From the Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (Dr Wolozin); and the Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany (Dr Behl).
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