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The Evidence for an Organic Etiology

Nikolai Bogduk, MD, PhD, DSc; Robert Teasell, MD, FRCPC

Arch Neurol. 2000;57:590-591.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

OF CONCERN to a neurologist, when faced with a patient with whiplash injury, is whether the patient has a neurological injury and, if not, whether the patient's complaint is genuine.

PRINCIPAL FEATURES AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

The international literature on the symptoms of whiplash is remarkably consistent.¹ The symptoms defy language barriers, which argues in favor of a genuine diathesis. It is hard to accept that the symptoms of whiplash are the result of an international, translingual conspiracy among malingerers.

Neck pain and headache are the cardinal features of whiplash,¹ but these symptoms are musculoskeletal and not neurological in origin. Neck pain can arise from injuries of the cervical muscles, ligaments, disks, and joints. From lower cervical segments, the pain may be referred to the shoulder and upper limb. From upper segments, neck pain may be referred to the head, and present as headache.

The incidence of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

PATHOLOGY

INVESTIGATIONS AND TREATMENT

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND LITIGATION
From the Newcastle Bone and Joint Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Dr Bogduk), and the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario (Dr Teasell).

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ABSTRACT