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Do Nonconvulsive Seizures Damage the Brain?—Yes
G. Bryan Young, MD;
Kenneth G. Jordan, MD
From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario (Dr Young), and Jordan Neuroscience, San Bernardino, Calif (Dr Jordan).
Arch Neurol. 1998;55:117-119.
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NONCONVULSIVE seizures (NCSs) are heterogeneous and include absence, complex partial, and simple partial seizures without convulsive activity.1 Although typical absence seizures do not damage the brain, other nonconvulsive seizures, usually complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE), can cause enduring cerebral dysfunction, affecting memory and other functions. Epileptic brain damage has been documented in humans and animals and includes cognitive impairment, recurring seizures, and neuronal death.2-3
ANIMAL MODELS
In animal studies, prolonged NCSs can cause behavioral deficits.4-7 Repeated NCSs and induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) have produced epilepsy in some animals.8-11 The classic studies of Meldrum and Brierley12 and Nevander et al13 demonstrated that, even without attendant hypoxemia, acidosis, hyperthermia, and hypoglycemia, ongoing seizures in primates and rats can cause neuronal death. Epileptic brain damage is likely caused by excitotoxic effects produced by glutamate or aspartate-activating N-methyl-D-asparate and other receptors with contributions by increased free-radical . . . [Full Text of this Article]
CLINICAL EVIDENCE
CONCLUSIONS
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