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High Striatal Amyloid β-Peptide Deposition Across Different Autosomal Alzheimer Disease Mutation Types
Victor L. Villemagne, MD;
Suzuka Ataka, MD, PhD;
Toshiki Mizuno, MD, PhD;
William S. Brooks, MD;
Yasuhiro Wada, PhD;
Masaki Kondo, MD, PhD;
Gareth Jones, BSc(Hon);
Yasuyoshi Watanabe, MD, PhD;
Rachel Mulligan, PhD;
Masanori Nakagawa, MD, PhD;
Takami Miki, MD;
Hiroyuki Shimada, MD, PhD;
Graeme J. O’Keefe, PhD;
Colin L. Masters, MD;
Hiroshi Mori, PhD;
Christopher C. Rowe, MD
Arch Neurol. 2009;66(12):1537-1544.
Background Supported by compelling genetic data regarding early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (AD), the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ)–centric theory holds that Aβ is involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic AD. Mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) genes lead to increased Aβ levels before symptoms arise.
Objectives To evaluate the pattern of Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) retention in subjects with different autosomal dominant mutations associated with familial AD vs that in healthy age-matched control subjects and subjects with probable sporadic AD, to correlate Aβ burden as measured by PiB with available clinical and cognitive data, and to compare the regional brain patterns of PiB retention and fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG) uptake.
Design Correlation analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies.
Setting Academic research.
Participants Seven PSEN1 mutation carriers and 1 APP mutation carrier underwent PiB and FDG PET imaging. Amyloid β-peptide burden and FDG uptake were established using standardized uptake values normalized to pons.
Main Outcome Measure Primary outcomes were PET results, which were compared with those of a well-characterized cohort of 30 healthy control subjects and 30 subjects with probable sporadic AD.
Results All mutation carriers had high PiB retention in the striatum, with some also having cortical PiB retention in ventrofrontal and posterior cingulate/precuneus areas. The striatal pattern of PiB retention was similar in the PSEN1 and APP mutation carriers. Neither striatal nor cortical Aβ burden was related to cognitive status.
Conclusions Consistent with previous studies, the pattern of Aβ deposition in familial AD differs from that in sporadic AD, with higher striatal and somewhat lower cortical PiB retention in familial AD. The pattern and degree of Aβ deposition were not associated with mutation type nor cognitive status.
Author Affiliations: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre for Positron Emission Tomography, Austin Health, Heidelberg (Drs Villemagne, Mulligan, O’Keefe, and Rowe and Mr Jones), The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne (Drs Villemagne and Masters), and Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Randwick, and The University of New South Wales, Sydney (Dr Brooks), Australia; and Neuroscience, Gerontology, and Neurology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka (Drs Ataka, Miki, Shimada, and Mori), Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto (Drs Mizuno, Kondo, and Nakagawa), and Molecular Imaging Research Program, RIKEN, Kobe (Dr Wada and Watanabe), Japan.
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