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Ronald C. Petersen, PhD, MD; Joseph E. Parisi, MD; Dennis W. Dickson, MD; Kris A. Johnson, RN; David S. Knopman, MD; Bradley F. Boeve, MD; Gregory A. Jicha, MD, PhD; Robert J. Ivnik, PhD; Glenn E. Smith, PhD; Eric G. Tangalos, MD; Heiko Braak, MD; Emre Kokmen, MD

Arch Neurol. 2006;63:665-672.

Background  The neuropathologic substrate of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is not known.

Objective  To determine the neuropathologic features of patients who died while their clinical classification was aMCI.

Design  Cohort study.

Setting  Community based.

Participants  Sixty-six individuals, including 15 who had memory impairment beyond that allowed for aging but who were not demented, were studied along with 28 clinically healthy individuals and 23 patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) for comparison.

Main Outcome Measures  Standard neuropathologic techniques and classification according to Khachaturian, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer Disease, and National Institute on Aging–Reagan criteria were used to analyze autopsy tissue from 15 individuals who died while their clinical diagnosis was aMCI. For comparison, autopsy data on age-matched groups of clinically healthy individuals and patients with probable AD were analyzed.

Results  Most patients with aMCI did not meet the neuropathologic criteria for AD, but their pathologic findings suggest a transitional state of evolving AD. All the patients with aMCI had pathologic findings involving medial temporal lobe structures, likely accounting for their memory impairment. In addition, there were many concomitant pathologic abnormalities, including argyrophilic grain disease, hippocampal sclerosis, and vascular lesions.

Conclusions  The neuropathologic features of aMCI matched the clinical features and seemed to be intermediate between the neurofibrillary changes of aging and the pathologic features of very early AD.

Author Affiliations: Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (Drs Petersen, Parisi, Dickson, Knopman, Boeve, Jicha, Ivnik, Smith, Tangalos, and Kokmen and Ms Johnson) and Departments of Neurology (Drs Petersen, Knopman, Boeve, Jicha, and Kokmen), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Dr Parisi), Neurosciences (Dr Dickson), Psychiatry and Psychology (Drs Ivnik and Smith), and Internal Medicine (Dr Tangalos), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn, and Jacksonville, Fla; and Institute for Clinical Anatomy, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (Dr Braak).
Deceased.

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