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A Review

Michaela Auer-Grumbach, MD; Peter De Jonghe, MD, PhD; Kristien Verhoeven, PhD; Vincent Timmerman, PhD; Klaus Wagner, PhD; Hans-Peter Hartung, MD; Garth A. Nicholson, MD, PhD

Arch Neurol. 2003;60:329-334.

Hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSNs) are rare disorders characterized by progressive distal sensory loss, predominantly affecting the lower limbs. Foot ulcers, severe skin and bone infections, arthropathy, and amputations are frequent and feared complications. Occasionally, patients complain of spontaneous shooting or lancinating pain. Autonomic fibers can be affected to a variable degree. Patients with HSN can also have severe distal weakness, and some HSN variants have therefore been classified among the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSNs). Molecular genetic studies of autosomal dominant inherited neuropathies with prominent sensory loss and ulceromutilating features have assigned the genetic loci for HMSN type 2B (Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome type 2B) and HSN type 1 to chromosomes 3q13-22 and 9q22.1-22.3, respectively. However, some families with HSN have been excluded for linkage to these loci, suggesting further genetic heterogeneity. Recently, disease-causing mutations in the SPTLC1 gene have been identified in patients with HSN type 1. In this review, we discuss the hallmark features associated with the distinct genetic subtypes of autosomal dominant inherited HSN and provide genotype-phenotype correlations.

From the Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Graz, Austria (Drs Auer-Grumbach and Wagner); the Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Born-Bunge Foundation, University of Antwerp (Drs De Jonghe, Verhoeven, and Timmerman), and the Division of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp (Dr De Jonghe), Antwerp, Belgium; the Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Hartung); and the Neurobiology Laboratory, Anzac Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia (Dr Nicholson).

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