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Relation to Apolipoprotein E Allele Status

Denis A. Evans, MD; David A. Bennett, MD; Robert S. Wilson, PhD; Julia L. Bienias, ScD; Martha Clare Morris, ScD; Paul A. Scherr, ScD; Liesi E. Hebert, ScD; Neelum Aggarwal, MD; Laurel A. Beckett, PhD; Rajiv Joglekar, MD; Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, PhD; Julie Schneider, MD

Arch Neurol. 2003;60:185-189.

Context  Few studies compare Alzheimer disease (AD) incidence among black and white subjects.

Objective  To estimate incidence and the effect of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele in these races.

Design  Population-based study of disease incidence using a random, stratified sample.

Setting  A geographically defined community of 3 adjacent neighborhoods in Chicago, Ill.

Participants  A total of 6158 persons (78.7% overall; 80.5% of the black subjects and 74.6% of the white subjects) participated; 4.1 years later, persons initially free of AD were sampled for clinical evaluation for disease incidence (overall 842 persons [74.8%] participated; 67.6% of the black subjects and 81.9% of the white subjects).

Interventions  None.

Main Outcome Measure  Incident, clinically diagnosed AD.

Results  The effect of the APOE 4 allele on the risk of AD differed strongly for black and white subjects. Among white subjects, the presence of the APOE 4 allele was associated with a 2.73-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-5.32) increase in risk while among black subjects there was no increase in risk (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-2.68). Black race was associated with a nonsignificantly increased risk of AD with an odds ratio of 1.84 (95% CI, 0.73-4.66) if APOE and its interaction with race are considered, and an odds ratio of 1.28 (95% CI, 0.54-2.98) if they are not. The incidence of AD was 1.45% (95% CI, 0.89%-2.01%) per year among persons 65 to 74 years old, 4.73% (95% CI, 3.83%-5.64%) among those 75 to 84 years old, and 9.11% (95% CI, 7.36%-10.9%) among those 85 years and older.

Conclusion  Apolipoprotein E 4 led to increased risk of AD among white subjects but not black subjects.

From the Rush Institute on Healthy Aging (Drs Evans, Bienias, Morris, and Hebert), the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (Drs Bennett, Wilson, Aggarwal, and Schneider), the Department of Pediatrics (Dr Berry-Kravis), and the Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Dr Joglekar), Rush-Presbyterian–St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Ill; Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga (Dr Scherr); and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, Davis (Dr Beckett).

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