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Arnon Karni, MD; Ronit Bakimer-Kleiner, PhD; Oded Abramsky, MD, PhD; Avraham Ben-Nun, PhD

Arch Neurol. 1999;56:311-315.

Objective  To evaluate the presence and specificity of anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Design  Case-control study of patients with clinically definite MS compared with patients with other neurologic diseases (ONDs) of the central nervous system and control subjects.

Setting  Referral center in the Department of Neurology of Hadassah University Hospital, greater Jerusalem area, Israel.

Participants  Consecutive cerebrospinal fluid samples from 31 patients with MS, 31 patients with ONDs, and 28 healthy controls; and plasma samples from 33 patients with MS, 28 patients with ONDs, and 31 healthy controls were taken from the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma bank of the Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital.

Main Outcome Measures  Levels and frequencies of anti-MOG antibody in patients with MS, as defined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results  Cerebrospinal fluid levels of antibodies to MOG and to myelin basic protein were significantly higher in patients with MS (P<.001 and P=.001, respectively) and patients with ONDs (P=.005 and P=.03, respectively) compared with controls; frequency of antibodies to MOG, but not to myelin basic protein, was higher in patients with MS and patients with ONDs (P=.01 and P=.003, respectively, for the frequency of anti-MOG antibody, and P=.65 and P=.41, respectively, for the frequency of anti-myelin basic protein antibody). Plasma levels of antibodies to MOG and to myelin basic protein were higher in patients with MS compared with patients with ONDs (P=.003 for both comparisons) and with controls (P=.03 and P=.04, respectively); however, the frequency of antibodies to MOG and myelin basic protein was similar in patients with MS, patients with ONDs (P=.54 and P=.82, respectively), and controls (P=.50 and P=.14, respectively).

Conclusions  The elevated presence of anti-MOG antibody is not specific for MS because a similar appearance was also demonstrated in patients with ONDs. Therefore, it is not clear whether this antibody is pathogenic in MS or, on the contrary, has a defensive role against further immune-mediated damage after myelin breakdown.

From the Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Drs Karni and Abramsky), and the Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Drs Bakimer-Kleiner and Ben-Nun), Israel.

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