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Craniocerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement and Findings in Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
James C. Harris, MD;
Roland R. Lee, MD;
Hyder A. Jinnah, MD, PhD;
Dean F. Wong, MD, PhD;
Myron Yaster, MD;
R. Nick Bryan, MD, PhD
Arch Neurol. 1998;55:547-553.
Objective To provide the first comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of brain in a series of patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS), with emphasis on basal ganglia measurements.
Design Routine readings of MRI studies, repeated reading in random order blinded to subject diagnosis, and 3-dimensional volumetric measures of basal ganglia regions.
Setting The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md.
Patients Seven patients with LNS who have hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase levels less than 1.6% and characteristic clinical features of the disorder, which include hyperuricemia, cognitive impairment, and dystonic movement disorder, were compared with 7 age-matched control subjects. Five of the 7 patients demonstrated self-injurious behavior. MRI studies were performed using general anesthesia because of the severity of the movement disorder.
Main Outcome Measures Measurement of brain regions from MRI-obtained images.
Results Routine readings described mild cerebral atrophy in 2 of 7 patients, but no caudate or putamen abnormalities were reported. However, on the directed blinded rereading, small caudates were suspected in 5 of 7 cases, and abnormalities in cerebral size and cranium were identified. Volumetric studies of the patients with LNS confirmed a 34% decrease in caudate volume (P<.001), a 17% decrease in total cerebral volume (P<.03), and a 12% decrease in putamen volume (P=.19).
Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of consistent neuroanatomic abnormalities in LNS. The findings of reduced basal ganglia volume are consistent with the dystonic movement disorder.
From the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Dr Harris), Departments of Neurology (Dr Jinnah), Radiology, (Drs Wong and Bryan), and Anesthesiology (Dr Yaster), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; and the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Dr Lee).
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Delineation of the motor disorder of Lesch-Nyhan disease
Jinnah et al.
Brain 2006;129:1201-1217.
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