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Maria Mataró, PhD; Carmen García-Sánchez, PhD; Carme Junqué, PhD; Armando Estévez-González, MD; Jesús Pujol, MD

Arch Neurol. 1997;54(8):963-968.

Abstract
Objective
To investigate structural basal ganglia abnormalities in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their relationship with the neuropsychological deficits and behavioral problems found in ADHD.

Design
Case-control study. Setting: Adolescents were recruited from a local polytechnic institute of secondary education.

Subjects
Eleven adolescents with ADHD and 19 healthy control subjects. Subjects with ADHD were diagnosed by the school psychologist from a total population of 450 students according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised. Diagnosis was confirmed by the Conners Teachers Rating Scale and a structured family interview.

Main Outcome Measures
Magnetic resonance imaging single-slice transversal measurements of the head of the caudate nucleus and a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, which was specially designed to assess frontal-striatal functioning.

Results
The ADHD group had a larger right caudate nucleus area than the control group. In control adolescents, larger caudate nucleus areas were associated with poorer performance on tests of attention and higher ratings on the Conners Teachers Rating Scale.

Conclusions
These findings provide further evidence of the involvement of the caudate nucleus in the neuropsychological deficits and behavioral problems found in ADHD. The larger caudate nucleus found in the ADHD group could be related to a failure of the maturational processes that normally result in volume reduction.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona (Drs Mataró, Junqué, and Estévez-González), Neurology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona (Dr García-Sánchez), and Magnetic Resonance Centre of Pedralbes (Dr Pujol), Barcelona, Spain.

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