Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of the Caudate Nucleus in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Relationship With Neuropsychological and Behavioral Measures

doi:10.1001/archneur.1997.00550200027006

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Vol. 54 No. 8, August 1997

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of the Caudate Nucleus in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Relationship With Neuropsychological and Behavioral Measures

Maria Mataró, PhD; Carmen García-Sánchez, PhD; Carme Junqué, PhD; Armando Estévez-González, MD; Jesús Pujol, MD

Arch Neurol. 1997;54(8):963-968.

Abstract

Objective
To investigate structural basal ganglia abnormalities in attention-deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their relationship with theneuropsychological deficits and behavioral problems found inADHD.

Design
Case-control study. Setting: Adolescents were recruited froma local polytechnic institute of secondary education.

Subjects
Eleven adolescents with ADHD and 19 healthy control subjects.Subjects with ADHD were diagnosed by the school psychologistfrom a total population of 450 students according to the Diagnosticand Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised.Diagnosis was confirmed by the Conners Teachers Rating Scaleand a structured family interview.

Main Outcome Measures
Magnetic resonance imaging single-slice transversal measurementsof the head of the caudate nucleus and a comprehensive neuropsychologicalevaluation, which was specially designed to assess frontal-striatalfunctioning.

Results
The ADHD group had a larger right caudate nucleus area thanthe control group. In control adolescents, larger caudate nucleusareas were associated with poorer performance on tests of attentionand higher ratings on the Conners Teachers Rating Scale.

Conclusions
These findings provide further evidence of the involvement ofthe caudate nucleus in the neuropsychological deficits and behavioralproblems found in ADHD. The larger caudate nucleus found inthe ADHD group could be related to a failure of the maturationalprocesses that normally result in volume reduction.

Author Affiliations

From the Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona (Drs Mataró, Junqué, and Estévez-González), Neurology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona (Dr García-Sánchez), and Magnetic Resonance Centre of Pedralbes (Dr Pujol), Barcelona, Spain.

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