This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (25)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Stefan F. Bucher, PhD; Klaus C. Seelos, MD; Richard C. Dodel, MD; Walter Paulus, MD; Maximilian Reiser, MD; Wolfgang H. Oertel, MD

Arch Neurol. 1996;53(7):682-686.

Abstract
Objective
To study noninvasively the functional anatomy and pathophysiologic characteristics of the globus pallidus external (GPe) and internal (GPi) divisions.

Design
Structural and functional neuroimaging using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Setting
University medical center research facility.

Subjects
Seven patients with pallidal lesions, 4 with an akinetic-rigid syndrome and 3 with a dystonic syndrome, and 15 age-matched volunteers.

Main Outcome Measures
T₂-weighted anatomical magnetic resonance imaging and number of activated voxels in the GP during rapid supination and pronation of the hand.

Results
T₂-weighted images showed hyperintense bilateral lesions in the GP of all patients. Patients with dystonic syndromes had isolated lesions in the GPi. Patients with signs of akinetic-rigid syndromes showed abnormalities in the GPe or in central portions of the GP (GPc). Patients with lesions in both parts of the GP had akinetic-rigid or dystonic syndromes. All patients showed activation in the areas of the lesions. The number of activated voxels in the GP was significantly smaller (P<.005, Wilcoxon signed rank test) in patients than in control subjects. Activation of the GP was predominantly contralateral to the moving hand.

Conclusions
Lesions in the GPi result in a loss of inhibitory pallidal projections to the thalamus, which may explain the hyperkinetic signs. Lesions in the GPe lead to an increased inhibition of the thalamus, which may explain the hypokinetic signs. Neuronal activation in lesion sites suggests the presence of remaining functionally vital tissue.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Neurology (Drs Bucher, Dodel, Paulus, and Oertel) and Diagnostic Radiology (Drs Seelos and Reiser), Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Parkinsonism following bilateral lesions of the globus pallidus: performance on a variety of motor tasks shows similarities with Parkinson's disease
Kuoppamaki et al.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2005;76:482-490.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

"Motor circuit" gray matter changes in idiopathic cervical dystonia
Draganski et al.
Neurology 2003;61:1228-1231.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Unilateral lesions of the globus pallidus: report of four patients presenting with focal or segmental dystonia
Munchau et al.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2000;69:494-498.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Bilateral Functional MRI Activation of the Basal Ganglia and Middle Temporal/Medial Superior Temporal Motion-Sensitive Areas: Optokinetic Stimulation in Homonymous Hemianopia
Brandt et al.
Arch Neurol 1998;55:1126-1131.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The pallidoreticular pattern of brain damage on MRI in a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning
KAWANAMI et al.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1998;64:282-282.
FULL TEXT