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Jeffrey R. Binder, MD; Stephen M. Rao, PhD; Thomas A. Hammeke, PhD; Julie A. Frost; Peter A. Bandettini; Andrzej Jesmanowicz, PhD; James S. Hyde, PhD

Arch Neurol. 1995;52(6):593-601.

Abstract
Objective
To develop a procedure for noninvasive measurement of language lateralization with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design
Functional neuroimaging using time-series echo-planar MRI.

Setting
University medical center research facility.

Subjects
Five healthy, right-handed, young adults.

Main Outcome Measures
Number of MRI voxels in left and right hemispheres showing task-related signal increases during two contrasting auditory processing tasks. The nonlinguistic task involved processing of pure tones, while the linguistic task involved processing of single words based on semantic content.

Results
The pure-tone processing task activated temporal lobe auditory areas and dorsolateral frontal regions bilaterally. Using this task as a control condition, the semantic processing task resulted in lateralized activity in distributed regions of the left hemisphere. A significant effect of task on intrahemispheric activity pattern was demonstrated in every subject. Results were reproduced in preliminary studies of test-retest reliability.

Conclusions
The results demonstrate the lateralized anatomy of semantic linguistic systems in contrast to nonlinguistic auditory sensory processors and introduce a task subtraction technique adapted for functional MRI as a noninvasive measure of language lateralization.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Neurology (Drs Binder, Rao, and Hammeke and Ms Frost) and Biophysics (Mr Bandettini and Drs Jesmanowicz and Hyde), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.

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