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  Vol. 52 No. 5, May 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Folstein vs Modified Mini-Mental State Examination in Geriatric Stroke

Stability, Validity, and Screening Utility

Janet Grace, PhD; Jodi D. Nadler, PhD; Desiree A. White, PhD; Thomas J. Guilmette, PhD; Anthony J. Giuliano, PhD; Andreas U. Monsch, PhD; Matthew G. Snow, PhD

Arch Neurol. 1995;52(5):477-484.


Abstract

Objective
Two studies were conducted with the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMS) and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) to examine whether the expanded version is a more useful screening tool in stroke populations.

Design
Clinical utility of screening tests (MMS and 3MS) was evaluated in reference to neuropsychological performance and functional outcome in rehabilitation. Setting: Medical rehabilitation unit of universityaffiliated hospital.

Patients
Two groups (n=77, and n=70) of patients who were admitted consecutively.

Main Outcome Measures
Neuropsychological performance and functional outcome (functional independence measure).

Results
The reliability, stability, and validity of the 3MS were established in the stroke population. Classification accuracy did not differ between the MMS and 3MS, although the 3MS had higher sensitivity. In detecting cognitive impairment when compared with the extended neuropsychological battery, both instruments were adequate in patients with left-sided cerebrovascular accidents and were ineffective in patients with right-sided cerebrovascular accidents. The 3MS correlated with some cognitive domains missed by the MMS, thus adding useful clinical information. Finally, the 3MS was a significantly better predictor of functional outcome than the MMS.

Conclusions
The 3MS was found to be a reliable, valid, and stable cognitive screening instrument in the stroke population. Classification accuracy indicates that both screening instruments are not strong in their ability to detect cognitive impairment in patients with stroke, especially in right-sided cerebrovascular accidents. The 3MS does have some advantages over the MMS; the expanded version of the screen not only provides additional cognitive information but also allows for better predicting of functional outcome.



Author Affiliations

From Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (Drs Grace, Nadler, White, and Guilmette); Cornell University Medical Center, New York, NY (Dr Nadler); University of California—San Diego (Drs White and Monsch); University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville (Dr Giuliano); and University of Connecticut Health Sciences Center, Farmington (Dr Snow).



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