This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Paula K. Shear, PhD; Edith V. Sullivan, PhD; Daniel H. Mathalon, PhD; Kelvin O. Lim, MD; Linda F. Davis; Jerome A. Yesavage, MD; Jared R. Tinklenberg, MD; Adolf Pfefferbaum, MD

Arch Neurol. 1995;52(4):392-402.

Abstract
Objective
This study used a semiautomated image analysis technique to quantify the rate and regional pattern of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume changes in the computed tomographic brain examinations of healthy adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Design
Longitudinal, within-subject design, with statistical correction for longitudinal method error (eg, head repositioning effects).

Setting
Palo Alto (Calif) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Patients and Other Participants
The 41 patients with AD were recruited from the Geriatric Psychiatry Research Unit and the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Research Center of the Palo Alto Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The 35 healthy control subjects were recruited from the local community.

Main Outcome Measures
Cerebrospinal fluid volumes estimated from computed tomographic scans.

Results
Even after accounting for an estimate of method error (eg, head positioning effects) across computed tomographic examinations, the patients with AD showed greater annual CSF volume increases than did the control group. This CSF volume enlargement was not uniform across brain regions of interest; rather, the patients with AD showed disproportionate volume increases in the ventricular system and the sylvian fissures. Greater CSF volume changes in the patients with AD were significantly associated with greater cognitive decline on the Mini-Mental State Examination. Furthermore, younger patients with AD showed more rapid progression on computed tomographic scans than did older patients.

Conclusions
The rate of CSF volume enlargement is region specific, with the most marked annual rate of change occurring in the ventricular system and the sylvian fissures. In addition, younger patients show more rapid progression in the ventricular and frontal sulcal brain regions of interest than do older patients.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford (Calij) University School of Medicine (Drs Shear, Sullivan, Mathalon, Lim, Yesavage, Tinklenberg, and Pfefferbaum), and Psychiatry Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Drs Shear, Sullivan, Mathalon, Lim, Yesavage, Tinklenberg, and Pfefferbaum and Ms Davis), Palo Alto, Calif.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Regeneration in Alcoholism
Crews and Nixon
Alcohol Alcohol 2009;44:115-127.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Longitudinal imaging in dementia
SCAHILL and FOX
Br. J. Radiol. 2007;80:S92-S98.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effects of A{beta} immunization (AN1792) on MRI measures of cerebral volume in Alzheimer disease
Fox et al.
Neurology 2005;64:1563-1572.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neurotoxicity, Neuroplasticity, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Morphometry
Mathalon et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:846-848.
FULL TEXT  

Mapping the evolution of regional atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: Unbiased analysis of fluid-registered serial MRI
Scahill et al.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002;99:4703-4707.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Differential Rates of Regional Brain Change in Callosal and Ventricular Size: a 4-Year Longitudinal MRI Study of Elderly Men
Sullivan et al.
Cereb Cortex 2002;12:438-445.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Progressive Brain Volume Changes and the Clinical Course of Schizophrenia in Men: A Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Mathalon et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:148-157.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Rates of hippocampal atrophy correlate with change in clinical status in aging and AD
Jack et al.
Neurology 2000;55:484-490.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

One-year Age Changes in MRI Brain Volumes in Older Adults
Resnick et al.
Cereb Cortex 2000;10:464-472.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Using Serial Registered Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Disease Progression in Alzheimer Disease: Power Calculations and Estimates of Sample Size to Detect Treatment Effects
Fox et al.
Arch Neurol 2000;57:339-344.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Correlation between rates of brain atrophy and cognitive decline in AD
Fox et al.
Neurology 1999;52:1687-1687.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Specific temporoparietal gyral atrophy reflects the pattern of language dissolution in Alzheimer's disease
Harasty et al.
Brain 1999;122:675-686.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Controlled Study of Cortical Gray Matter and Ventricular Changes in Alcoholic Men Over a 5-Year Interval
Pfefferbaum et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:905-912.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Selective Cortical and Hippocampal Volume Correlates of Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in Alzheimer Disease
Fama et al.
Arch Neurol 1997;54:719-728.
ABSTRACT  

Age at Onset and Pattern of Neuropsychological Impairment in Mild Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease: A Study of a Community-Based Population
Reid et al.
Arch Neurol 1996;53:1056-1061.
ABSTRACT