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Richard J. Caselli, MD; Eric M. Reiman, MD; Dagmar Timmann, MD; George E. Stelmach, PhD; Michael A. Lawson, MD; David Osborne, PhD; S. Breanndan Moore, MBBCh, FRCPI; Michael J. Cevette, PhD

Arch Neurol. 1995;52(10):1004-1010.

Abstract
Objective
To determine disease concordancy in the first identical twin with corticobasal degeneration. The patients were 63-year-old, erythrocyte antigen—confirmed monozygotic male twins who were clinically discordant for progressive apraxia caused by corticobasal degeneration.

Interventions
Neuropsychologic and kinesiologic testing, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomographic measurements of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose.

Results
The affected twin had lower neuropsychologic and kinesiologic test scores than did his brother, particularly on tests sensitive to right-compared with left-hemisphere function; widespread cerebral atrophy, worst in right parietotemporal cortices; and reduced wholebrain cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, worst in right posterior cortices. The clinically asymptomatic twin had normal neuropsychologic and kinesiologic test scores but performed more poorly on tests sensitive to left-compared with right-hemisphere function; had no abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging; and had left temporoparietal as well as mild whole-brain hypometabolism.

Conclusions
Corticobasal degeneration may remain clinically discordant in identical twins after 7 years. Positron emission tomography and neuropsychologic findings suggest the possibility of a preclinical stage of corticobasal degeneration. There is generalized cortical atrophy in patients with corticobasal degeneration in addition to focal atrophy.

Author Affiliations
From the Sections of Neurology, Psychology, and Audiology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale (Ariz) (Drs Caselli, Osborne, and Cevette); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson (Dr Reiman); the Positron Emission Tomography Center, Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Ariz (Drs Reiman and Lawson); the Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, Arizona State University, Tempe (Drs Timmann and Stelmach); and the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Dr Moore).

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