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Longitudinal Neuropsychological and Genetic Linkage Analysis of Persons at Risk for Huntington's Disease
Bruno Giordani, PhD;
Stanley Berent, PhD;
Michael J. Boivin, PhD;
John B. Penney, MD;
Shirley Lehtinen, MA;
Dorene S. Markel, MS, MHSA;
Zane Hollingsworth, MPH;
Grant Butterbaugh, PhD;
Richard D. Hichwa, PhD;
James F. Gusella, PhD;
Anne B. Young, MD, PhD
Arch Neurol. 1995;52(1):59-64.
Abstract
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Objective
To determine (1) whether the neuropsychological profiles of healthy individuals at risk (AR) for Huntington's disease who were positive (AR/+) or negative (AR/—) for the Huntington's disease genetic marker differed from those of symptomatic patients with Huntington's disease and normal control individuals and (2) whether the neuropsychological performance of the two AR groups differed from each other on three assessments during a 4-year span.
Design
Case-control, double-blind study, with AR status determined by genetic linkage analysis (G8 probe), in addition to examination of trinucleotide repeats for most AR subjects.
Setting
The Neuropsychology Program in the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Neurology at the University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, a tertiary care center.
Participants
Eight subjects matched as closely as possible forage, gender, and education in each of the following groups: AR/+, AR/—, normal control, and Huntington's disease.
Measures
A battery of neuropsychological tasks, including measures of intelligence, memory, problem solving, and motor ability.
Results
Although both AR groups demonstrated variability on select intellectual subtests relative to normal subjects, they did not differ from each other on the three assessments during a 4-year span. Patients with Huntington's disease performed more poorly than the other groups across a range of neuropsychological measures.
Conclusions
These results do not support previous evaluations concluding that AR/+ individuals demonstrate cognitive impairments as compared with AR/- individuals. Findings in earlier studies without genetic linkage analysis of lower performance of AR individuals, including children, as compared with normal controls may relate to extraneous environmental and familial issues that interfere with intellectual development.
Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Giordani, Berent, and Boivin), Psychology (Drs Giordani and Berent and Ms Lehtinen), and Neurology (Dr Berent) and Human Genome Center (Ms Markel), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Psychology, Spring Arbor (Mich) College (Dr Boivin); Neurology Department and Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Penney, Gusella, and Young and Mr Hollingsworth); Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital, New Orleans, La (Dr Butterbaugh); and Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Hichwa).
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