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Dyslexia and Corpus Callosum Morphology
George W. Hynd, EdD;
Josh Hall, EdS;
Edward S. Novey, MD;
Deborah Eliopulos, RT;
Kathryn Black, EdS;
Jose J. Gonzalez, MA;
Jane E. Edmonds, MA;
Cynthia Riccio, PhD;
Morris Cohen, EdD
Arch Neurol. 1995;52(1):32-38.
Abstract
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Objective
There is evolving evidence that developmental dyslexia is associated with anomalous cerebral morphology in the bilateral frontal and left temporoparietal regions. This study examined the morphology of the corpus callosum, as possible deviations in other important structures are poorly understood in this behaviorally diagnosed syndrome.
Design
Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from children with developmental dyslexia and from matched control children. Morphometric measurements were examined to determine if regional differences existed in the corpus callosum between these two groups of children.
Setting
Magnetic resonance imaging studies were completed at Athens (Ga) Magnetic Imaging.
Patients and Other Participants
Sixteen developmental dyslexic children (mean age, 9.7 years) and a matched sample of children who were diagnosed as being normal were examined by using a reliable comprehensive diagnostic process.
Main Outcome Measures
Using a midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging scan, corpus callosum morphology was evaluated by segmenting the corpus callosum into five regions of interest.
Results
Analysis of the corpus callosum revealed that the anterior region of interest (the genu) was significantly smaller in the dyslexic children. Significant correlations existed between reading achievement and the region-of-interest measurements for the genu and splenium. Measured intelligence, chronologic age, and gender were not related to region-of-interest measurements of the corpus callosum. Consistent with previous studies, the dyslexic individuals were characterized by significant psychiatric comorbidity, particularly attentiondeficit disorder with and without hyperactivity. Reported familial left-handedness also distinguished the dyslexic children.
Conclusions
Subtle neurodevelopmental variation in the morphology of the corpus callosum may be associated with the difficulty that dyslexic children experience in reading and on tasks involving interhemispheric transfer.
Author Affiliations
From the Center for Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, The University of Georgia, Athens (Drs Hynd and Riccio, Messrs Hall and Gonzalez, and Mss Black and Edmonds), the Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (Drs Hynd, Riccio, and Cohen), and Athens (Ga) Magnetic Imaging (Dr Novey and Ms Eliopulos).
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