This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

William C. Heindel, PhD; Terry L. Jernigan, PhD; Sarah L. Archibald, MA; Christian L. Achim, MD; Eliezer Masliah, MD; Clayton A. Wiley, MD, PhD

Arch Neurol. 1994;51(11):1129-1135.

Abstract
Objective
To directly examine the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities and neuropathologic changes in the brains of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Design
A total of 17 brains from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for which postmortem MRI scans were available were used in this study. Volumes of cortical gray matter, deep gray matter, and abnormal white matter were estimated from the MRIs of the left hemispheres of the formalin-fixed brains from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome using quantitative morphometric techniques. Quantitative estimates of human immunodeficiency virus, gliosis, and neocortical synaptic and dendritic density were obtained from the corresponding right hemispheres. Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus and gliosis was performed on all 17 specimens, while Quantification of synaptic and dendritic density was performed on 10 of the 17 specimens.

Setting
All specimens were obtained from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who underwent autopsy between 1990 and 1992 at the University of California—San Diego Medical Center and the San Diego (Calif) Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital.

Results
No association was found between MRI volumes and gliosis, a nonspecific marker of central nervous system damage. Significant and regionally specific relationships were obtained, however, between the severity of central nervous system human immunodeficiency virus infection and the MRI volume estimates of gray matter and abnormal white matter. In addition, a significant association was observed between cortical gray matter volumes and cortical synaptic density.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that the quantitative morphometric analysis of MRIs in patients may provide sensitive in vivo markers of neuropathologic changes associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection of the brain.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Heindel and Jernigan and Ms Archibald), Pathology (Drs Achim, Masliah, and Wiley), and Neurosciences (Drs Masliah and Wiley), University of California—San Diego School of Medicine, and the San Diego (Calif) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Dr Jernigan). Dr Heindel is now with the Department of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, RI.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Changes in MRS neuronal markers and T cell phenotypes observed during early HIV infection
Lentz et al.
Neurology 2009;72:1465-1472.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diffusion tensor imaging with quantitative fibre tracking in HIV infection and alcoholism comorbidity: synergistic white matter damage
Pfefferbaum et al.
Brain 2007;130:48-64.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Correlation of In Vivo Neuroimaging Abnormalities With Postmortem Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis and Dendritic Loss
Archibald et al.
Arch Neurol 2004;61:369-376.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Whole Brain Imaging of HIV-Infected Patients: Quantitative Analysis of Magnetization Transfer Ratio Histogram and Fractional Brain Volume
Ge et al.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2003;24:82-87.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Correlation between Percentage of Brain Parenchymal Volume and Neurocognitive Performance in HIV-Infected Patients
Patel et al.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2002;23:543-549.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid levels are associated with region-specific cerebral volume loss in HIV infection
Heyes et al.
Brain 2001;124:1033-1042.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Progressive Cerebral Volume Loss in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Longitudinal Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Stout et al.
Arch Neurol 1998;55:161-168.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cognitive Performance and Regional Brain Volume in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Kieburtz et al.
Arch Neurol 1996;53:155-158.
ABSTRACT