This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Karim Rezai, MD; Nancy C. Andreasen, MD, PhD; Randy Alliger, PhD; Gregg Cohen, MS; Victor Swayze II, MD; Daniel S. O'Leary, PhD

Arch Neurol. 1993;50(6):636-642.

Abstract
• Single photon emission computed tomography with the xenon inhalation technique is used to compare activation of regional cerebral blood flow in frontal brain regions during the performance of four widely used neuropsychological tests: the Continuous Performance Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Tower of London, and Porteus Mazes. Healthy normal volunteers performing these tasks show significant increases in frontal regions during the Continuous Performance Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Tower of London, but not the Porteus Mazes. Activation produced by the Continuous Performance Test and the Tower of London are mesial and bilateral and may reflect stimulation of midline attentional circuits. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test produces a left dorsolateral area of prefrontal activation. These findings indicate that regional activation of the frontal lobes occurs in response to cognitive challenges produced through performance of standard neuropsychological tests.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Radiology (Dr Reazi) and Psychiatry (Drs Andreasen and Swayze), The University of Iowa College of Medicine, and the Mental Health Clinical Research Center, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (Drs Andreasen, Alliger, Swayze, and O'Leary and Mr Cohen), Iowa City.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication October 15, 1992.

Reprint requests to Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Dr Rezai).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Frontal-Striatal Dysfunction During Planning in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
van den Heuvel et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:301-309.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Distinctive Interaction Between Chronic Anxiety and Problem Solving in Asymptomatic APOE e4 Homozygotes
Caselli et al.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi. 2004;16:320-329.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Executive Control Function: A Review of Its Promise and Challenges for Clinical Research. A Report From the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association
Royall et al.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi. 2002;14:377-405.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Repeated Assessment of the Tower of Hanoi Test: Reliability and Age Effects
Ahonniska et al.
Assessment 2000;7:297-310.
ABSTRACT  

Visualizing Brain Activation during Planning: The Tower of London Test Adapted for Functional MR Imaging
Lazeron et al.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000;21:1407-1414.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Frontal Lobe Score: part II: evaluation of its clinical validity
Wildgruber et al.
Clin Rehabil 2000;14:272-278.
ABSTRACT  

Frontosubcortical Neuroanatomy and the Continuous Performance Test in Mania
Sax et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156:139-141.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Development of the Tower of London-Revised
Schnirman et al.
Assessment 1998;5:355-360.
ABSTRACT  

The Construct Validity of The Tower of London DX As a Measure of The Executive Functioning of ADHD Children
Culbertson and Zillmer
Assessment 1998;5:215-226.
ABSTRACT  

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Ventromedial Frontal Lesions: Clinical and Neuropsychological Findings
Irle et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:255-263.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Regional Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Measured With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Andreasen et al.
JAMA 1994;272:1763-1769.
ABSTRACT