Hippocampal sclerosis and human memory
L. A. Miller, D. G. Munoz and M. Finmore
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
OBJECTIVE--To study the effects of hippocampal sclerosis on preoperative
neuropsychological memory tests. DESIGN--Analyses of variance and chi 2
tests were used to compare patient groups (divided retrospectively) with a
control group. SETTING--Hospital epilepsy unit. PATIENTS AND OTHER
PARTICIPANTS--All patients who underwent a temporal lobectomy for
intractable seizure relief during the preceding 18 months were included if
the following criteria were met: (1) age was between 15 and 55 years; (2)
IQ was 80 or greater; (3) the left hemisphere was dominant for speech; (4)
there had been no previous brain surgery; (5) sufficient hippocampal tissue
had been supplied for pathologic study; and (6) there was no hippocampal
abnormality other than sclerosis. The 40 patients who met all of these
criteria were divided into groups based on pathological classification
(presence or absence of hippocampal sclerosis) and side of excision. Ten
normal control subjects, matched to the patients based on age and
education, were also asked to perform the memory tests. All subjects
approached gave their informed consent to participate in the study.
INTERVENTIONS--None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--None. RESULTS--No group
demonstrated impairments on measures of attention or recognition memory. A
deficit in learning paired-word associates was found for the left
hippocampal sclerosis, right hippocampal sclerosis, and left no-hippocampal
sclerosis groups, but on tests requiring the delayed recall of information,
only patients with hippocampal sclerosis were impaired. For verbal tasks,
the delayed recall deficit was limited to patients with left-sided
sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS--Hippocampal sclerosis impairs the ability to learn
associations and to retain information over a delay interval. For the
learning and retention of verbal material, the left hippocampus is more
important than the right.
