Explicit memory in Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases
B. Pillon, B. Deweer, Y. Agid and B. Dubois
Neurology and Neuropsychology Service, Hopital de la Salpetriere, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE--Comparing the pattern of spared and impaired memory functions in
neurodegenerative diseases known to affect different brain structures.
DESIGN--Various situations of acquisition (free encoding or controlled
encoding) and retrieval (immediate and delayed free and cued recall,
recognition) were used. SETTING--Referral center. PATIENTS--Fifteen for
each disease (ie, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type [SDAT], Parkinson's
and Huntington's), matched for education, severity of dementia, and
depression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Comparison of free and controlled
encoding situations, relationships between memory, executive, and
linguistic functions test scores. RESULTS--In the free encoding situation:
no difference among the three groups, but higher numbers of intrusions and
false recognitions in SDAT. In the controlled situation: cued recall and
recognition scores significantly higher in Parkinson's disease and
Huntington's disease than in SDAT. Memory performances correlated with
executive functions test scores in Huntington's disease and Parkinson's
disease, but not in SDAT. All results significant at P < .01.
CONCLUSIONS--Clear distinction between the true amnesic syndrome of SDAT,
compatible with lesions of hippocampus and temporal cortex, and the
inefficient planning of memory processes of Huntington's disease and
Parkinson's disease, which might result from a striatofrontal dysfunction.
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