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  Vol. 49 No. 11, November 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Neurologic and neuropsychological manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Relationship to head injury

K. Marder, Y. Stern, R. Malouf, M. X. Tang, K. Bell, G. Dooneief, W. el-Sadr, S. Goldstein, J. Gorman, M. Richards and al. et
Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.

We examined 99 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and 122 HIV-positive intravenous drug users (IVDUs) without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to determine whether HIV-positive IVDUs had more neurologic and neuropsychological impairment than their HIV-negative counterparts. Controlling for age, education, drug use, history of head injury, and interactions between head injury and HIV status and drug use, HIV-positive subjects had more extrapyramidal signs and frontal release signs. These findings persisted when asymptomatic HIV-positive subjects without systemic signs of infection and HIV-negative subjects were compared. Neurologic findings were more severe in those with more systemic illness. Among those reporting a history of head injury with loss of consciousness, neuropsychological performance was significantly worse in the HIV-positive subjects, and this increased with severity of illness. This was not true in the group without head injury, suggesting an interaction between history of head injury and the seropositive state. No relationship was noted between head injury and either drug use or HIV state. Therefore, subtle neurologic and neuropsychological abnormalities may precede clinical evidence of AIDS in IVDUs and may be more evident in those with head injury.

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment in HIV-1-Infected Persons With Different Risk Behaviors
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Arch Neurol 2002;59:812-818.
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Arch Neurol 2001;58:473-479.
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