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Resolving Enigmas About Wernicke's Aphasia and Other Higher Cortical Disorders

David Ira Margolin, MD, PhD

Arch Neurol. 1991;48(7):751-765.

Abstract
• Cognitive neuropsychology is a young branch of neuroscience whose ancestral influences include a rich pool of experimental (eg, cognitive psychology), theoretical (eg, epistemology), and clinical (eg, neurology, neuropsychology) disciplines. An essential principle of cognitive neuropsychology is that disorders of higher cortical functions can be understood in terms of breakdowns of one or more information-processing modules. Each module is the most basic element of intelligence that can be defined based on current knowledge. This approach is a refinement of—not a fundamental departure from—the 19th-century "localizationist" view of language disorders. Wernicke's aphasia, for example, classically attributed to a single cognitive deficit (loss of word sounds), is shown in this review to require damage to multiple distinct information-processing modules. Cognitive neuropsychology provides the tools for the type of finegrained analyses of behavior that are needed to capitalize on recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, including the development of more sophisticated models of brain-behavior relationships.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno-Central San Joaquin Valley (Calif) Medical Education Program, and the Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory at the Fresno (Calif) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication January 16, 1991.

Reprint requests to Fresno Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2615 E Clinton (127), Fresno, CA 93703 (Dr Margolin).

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