Tissue plasminogen activator plus glutamate antagonist improves outcome after embolic stroke
J. A. Zivin and V. Mazzarella
Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0624.
Thrombolytic therapy is likely to be effective in some patients with
stroke, but further improvements may require combination treatment with
neuroprotective agents that can be given rapidly with relative safety. We
tested the effects of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) with the
glutamate antagonist MK-801 or the calcium channel blocker nimodipine in an
embolic stroke model. We found that MK-801, followed by t-PA, was more
effective than t-PA alone in reducing neurologic damage. Nimodipine plus
t-PA was not better than t-PA alone. Combined glutamate antagonist and
thrombolytic therapy may provide increased efficacy and safety for stroke
treatment.
Toward a Multimodal Neuroprotective Treatment of Stroke
Fisher et al.
Stroke 2006;37:1129-1136.
ABSTRACT
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Toward Wisdom From Failure: Lessons From Neuroprotective Stroke Trials and New Therapeutic Directions
Gladstone et al.
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ABSTRACT
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What have we learned from clinical neuroprotective trials?
Morgenstern
Neurology 2001;57:S45-47.
ABSTRACT
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An Overview of Acute Stroke Therapy: Past, Present, and Future
Fisher and Schaebitz
Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3196-3206.
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Recommendations for Standards Regarding Preclinical Neuroprotective and Restorative Drug Development
Stroke 1999;30:2752-2758.
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Thrombolytic stroke therapy: Past, present, and future
Zivin
Neurology 1999;53:14-14.
ABSTRACT
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Effects of Citicoline Combined With Thrombolytic Therapy in a Rat Embolic Stroke Model • Editorial Comment
Andersen et al.
Stroke 1999;30:1464-1471.
ABSTRACT
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Synergistic Effects of a Combination of Low-Dose Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Citicoline After Temporary Experimental Focal Ischemia • Editorial Comment
Schabitz et al.
Stroke 1999;30:427-432.
ABSTRACT
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