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A Comparison of Mini-Mental State Examination Performance in Finland and China

David P. Salmon, PhD; Paavo J. Riekkinen, MD; Robert Katzman, MD; Mingyuan Zhang, MD; Hua Jin, MD; Elena Yu, PhD, MPH

Arch Neurol. 1989;46(7):769-772.

Abstract
• The Mini-Mental State Examination of Folstein et al was translated into and culturally adapted to Chinese and Finnish and used in dementia surveys involving probability samples of 2187 Shanghai elderly, aged 65 to 74 years, and 525 Finns of the same age group. The mean scores of these two groups were statistically different owing to the lower scores of Shanghai subjects who had no formal education. When this subset of 579 subjects was eliminated from the analysis, the distribution of total scores was almost identical in the two populations, suggesting that the Mini-Mental State Examination can be used in disease populations, provided education is taken into account. However, there remained cultural differences in regard to individual test items; the Chinese had better recall but did not do as well as Finnish or US subjects when asked to copy a figure.

Author Affiliations
From the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Drs Salmon and Katzman); the Department of Neurology, University of Kuopio, Finland (Dr Riekkinen); the Shanghai Mental Health Center, China (Drs Zhang and Jin); and the Pacific/ Asian-American Mental Health Research Center, University of Illinois, Chicago (Dr Yu).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication February 24, 1989.

Reprint requests to Department of Neurosciences (M-024), School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 (Dr Katzman).

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