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Hans C. Lou, MD, PhD; Leif Henriksen, MD, PhD; Peter Bruhn; Hanne Børner, MD; Jytte Bieber Nielsen, MD

Arch Neurol. 1989;46(1):48-52.

Abstract
• We have previously reported that periventricular structures are hypoperfused in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study has expanded the number of patients, who were divided into two groups: six patients with pure ADHD, and 13 patients with ADHD in combination with other neurologic symptoms. By using xenon 133 inhalation and emission tomography, the regional cerebral blood flow distribution was determined and compared with a control group. Striatal regions were found to be hypoperfused and, by inference, hypofunctional in both groups. This hypoperfusion was statistically significant in the right striatum in ADHD, and in both striatal regions in ADHD with other neuropsychologic and neurologic symptoms. The primary sensory and sensorimotor cortical regions were highly perfused. Methylphenidate increased flow to striatal and posterior periventricular regions, and tended to decrease flow to primary sensory regions. Low striatal activity, partially reversible with methylphenidate, appears to be a cardinal feature in ADHD.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Neuropediatrics, J. F. Kennedy Institute, Glostrup, Denmark (Drs Lou and Nielsen); Dep artments of Neurosurgery (Dr Henriksen), Neurology (Mr Bruhn), and Child Psychiatry (Dr Børner), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication June 20, 1988.

Reprint requests to Department of Neuropediatrics, J. F. Kennedy Institute, G1 Landevej 7, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark (Dr Lou).

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