Subtle Neurological Abnormalities as Risk Factors for Cognitive and Functional Decline, Cerebrovascular Events, and Mortality in Older Community-Dwelling Adults
Inzitari et al.
Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1270-1276.
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Leukoaraiosis
O'Sullivan
PN 2008;8:26-38.
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Editorial Comment--The Progression of Leukoaraiosis
Bowler
Stroke 2003;34:1916-1917.
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Clinicopathologic Case Report: Akinetic Mutism With Findings of White Matter Hyperintensity
Lim et al.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi. 2002;14:214-221.
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Chronic heart failure and cognitive impairment: co-existence of conditions or true association?
Taylor and Stott
Eur J Heart Fail 2002;4:7-9.
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Association of Incident Alzheimer Disease and Blood Pressure Measured From 13 Years Before to 2 Years After Diagnosis in a Large Community Study
Morris et al.
Arch Neurol 2001;58:1640-1646.
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Does APO epsilon 4 correlate with MRI changes in Alzheimer's disease?
Doody et al.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2000;69:668-671.
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What Is the Significance of Leukoaraiosis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke?
Wiszniewska et al.
Arch Neurol 2000;57:967-973.
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Incidence of stroke in relation to cognitive function and dementia in the Kungsholmen Project
Zhu et al.
Neurology 2000;54:2103-2107.
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Silent Lacunar Lesions Detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Children With Brain Tumors: A Late Sequela of Therapy
Fouladi et al.
JCO 2000;18:824-824.
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Does leukoaraiosis predict morbidity and mortality?
Briley et al.
Neurology 2000;54:90-90.
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The Epidemiology of Common Late-Life Mental Disorders in the Community: Themes for the New Century
Gallo and Lebowitz
Psychiatr. Serv. 1999;50:1158-1166.
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1H-MRS Differentiates White Matter Hyperintensities in Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy From Those in Normal Elderly
Brooks et al.
Stroke 1997;28:1940-1943.
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Alterations in Glia and Axons in the Brains of Binswanger's Disease Patients
Akiguchi et al.
Stroke 1997;28:1423-1429.
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Alterations of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Glial Cells in White-Matter Lesions in Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's Disease Patients
Tomimoto et al.
Stroke 1996;27:2069-2074.
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Significant Progression of White Matter Lesions and Small Deep (Lacunar) Infarcts in Patients With Stroke
van Zagten et al.
Arch Neurol 1996;53:650-655.
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White Matter Lesions and Cognitive Deterioration in Presymptomatic Carriers of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene Codon 693 Mutation
Bornebroek et al.
Arch Neurol 1996;53:43-48.
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Computed Tomography--but Not Magnetic Resonance Imaging--Identified Periventricular White-Matter Lesions Predict Symptomatic Cerebrovascular Disease in Probable Alzheimer's Disease
Lopez et al.
Arch Neurol 1995;52:659-664.
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The Cardiovascular Outcome of Patients With Motor Impairment and Extensive Leukoaraiosis
Inzitari et al.
Arch Neurol 1995;52:687-691.
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The Significance of Cerebral White Matter Abnormalities 100 Years After Binswanger's Report : A Review
Pantoni and Garcia
Stroke 1995;26:1293-1301.
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Leukoaraiosis in Stroke Patients : The Copenhagen Stroke Study
Jorgensen et al.
Stroke 1995;26:588-592.
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Patterns of Deterioration in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
Helmes et al.
Arch Neurol 1995;52:306-310.
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Clinical Correlates of Alzheimer's Disease With and Without Silent Radiographic Abnormalities
Marder et al.
Arch Neurol 1995;52:146-151.
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Lack of Difference in Brain Hyperintensities Between Patients With Early Alzheimer's Disease and Control Subjects
Erkinjuntti et al.
Arch Neurol 1994;51:260-268.
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Are Multiple Cerebral Infarcts Synergistic?
Wolfe et al.
Arch Neurol 1994;51:211-215.
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Temporal Lobe Atrophy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Early Alzheimer's Disease
Erkinjuntti et al.
Arch Neurol 1993;50:305-310.
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Early Onset of Leuko-araiosis in Hypertensive Patients
Dominguez et al.
Arch Neurol 1993;50:13-14.
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Neuropsychological Importance of Subcortical White Matter Hyperintensity
Tupler et al.
Arch Neurol 1992;49:1248-1252.
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Neuropsychiatric Correlates of Cerebral White-Matter Radiolucencies in Probable Alzheimer's Disease
Lopez et al.
Arch Neurol 1992;49:828-834.
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Clinical Correlates of White-Matter Changes on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans of the Brain
Mirsen et al.
Arch Neurol 1991;48:1015-1021.
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Improved Recognition of Leukoaraiosis and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease
Diaz et al.
Arch Neurol 1991;48:1022-1025.
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A Translation of Otto Binswanger's Article, 'The Delineation of the Generalized Progressive Paralyses'
Blass et al.
Arch Neurol 1991;48:961-972.
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Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage With Amyloidosis-Dutch Type: Clinical and Computed Tomographic Analysis of 24 Cases
Haan et al.
Arch Neurol 1990;47:649-653.
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Periventricular and White Matter Magnetic Resonance Imaging Hyperintensities Do Not Differ Between Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Aging
Leys et al.
Arch Neurol 1990;47:524-527.
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Cognition and White Matter Changes on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dementia
Kertesz et al.
Arch Neurol 1990;47:387-391.
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Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Leuko-Araiosis and Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Disease
Herholz et al.
Arch Neurol 1990;47:392-396.
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Preservation of Normal Cognitive Functioning in Elderly Subjects With Extensive White-Matter Lesions of Long Duration
Fein et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:220-223.
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Frontal Systems Impairment Following Multiple Lacunar Infarcts
Wolfe et al.
Arch Neurol 1990;47:129-132.
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Leuko-Araiosis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Speed of Mental Processing
Junque et al.
Arch Neurol 1990;47:151-156.
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Leuko-Araiosis, Cerebral Atrophy, and Cerebral Perfusion in Normal Aging
Kobari et al.
Arch Neurol 1990;47:161-165.
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Binswanger's Disease: Some Neuropsychological Considerations
Libon et al.
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1990;3:31-40.
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Subcortical Abnormalities Detected in Bipolar Affective Disorder Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Clinical and Neuropsychological Significance
Dupont et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:55-59.
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Binswanger's Disease (Part II): Pathogenesis of Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy and Its Relation to Other Dementing Processes
Peterson and Summergrad
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1989;2:171-181.
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Neuropathologic Correlates of Leuko-araiosis
Janota et al.
Arch Neurol 1989;46:1124-1128.
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Binswanger's Disease (Part I): The Clinical Recognition of Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy in Elderly Neuropsychiatric Patients
Summergrad and Peterson
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1989;2:123-133.
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Sensitivity and Specificity of the Extended Scale for Dementia
Lau et al.
Arch Neurol 1988;45:849-852.
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Vascular Dementia Is Overdiagnosed
Brust
Arch Neurol 1988;45:799-801.
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Periventricular White Matter Changes and Dementia: Clinical, Neuropsychological, Radiological, and Pathological Correlation
Gupta et al.
Arch Neurol 1988;45:637-641.
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'Leuko-Araiosis' and Dementia
Awad
Arch Neurol 1988;45:139-140.
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Senile Dementia of the Binswanger Type: A Vascular Form of Dementia in the Elderly
Roman
JAMA 1987;258:1782-1788.
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Leuko-Araiosis
Hachinski et al.
Arch Neurol 1987;44:21-23.
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The Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Wade et al.
Arch Neurol 1987;44:24-29.
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Vascular Risk Factors and Leuko-Araiosis
Inzitari et al.
Arch Neurol 1987;44:42-47.
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4) were found to have leuko-araiosis, which we have defined as patchy or diffuse lucencies in the white matter. Patients with leuko-araiosis had significantly lower mean scores on the ESD, 109.7 ± 61.2, compared with mean scores of 148.5 ± 78.0 in those without. However, only a trend toward lower scores on the ESD was observed when age, sex, education, and infarct were taken into account in the analysis of covariance. Leuko-araiosis was found to be associated with increasing age, hypertension, abnormalities of power in the limbs, and extensor-plantar responses in this sample of patients. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) alone, diagnosed clinically, 29 out of 91 demonstrated leuko-araiosis on computed tomography, but scores on the ESD in this group overall were not significantly different when those with and without leukoaraiosis were compared. In less advanced cases, however, a highly significant trend was evident for leuko-araiosis to be associated with increased dementia in AD. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that leuko-araiosis is associated with dementia in AD, and that this is either most marked or most easily identifiable before the dementia becomes very severe.