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Dysmyelination Revisited
Charles M. Poser, MD
Arch Neurol. 1978;35(7):401-408.
Abstract
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• Dysmyelination describes an inborn error of metabolism affecting myelinogenesis that causes it to be abnormal, arrested, or delayed. Abiotrophy of myelin as defined by Gowers, due to metabolic failure of the myelin maintenance system, is yet another feature of dysmyelination. In addition to the leukodystrophies, genetically determined conditions such as infantile amaurotic idiocy, hematosidosis, Niemann-Pick's disease and several of the aminoacidopathies are examples of dysmyelinating diseases. In order to reconcile morphological and neurochemical data in these conditions, it is necessary to reexamine a number of pathogenetic hypotheses based on known enzymatic deficiencies, and the interpretation of fragmentary biochemical analyses. The obligatory role of the neuron and axon in myelin formation and maintenance is reviewed. The hypothesis is advanced that gangliosides and their degradative products constitute precursors for the synthesis of the characteristic myelin sphingolipids cerebrosides, sulfatides, and sphingomyelin. Alterations in axo-plasmic flow and of ganglioside metabolism must be considered as important factors in the pathogenesis of dysmyelination.
Author Affiliations
From the Department of Neurology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington.
Footnotes
Accepted for publication Jan 20, 1978.
Reprint requests to Department of Neurology, Medical Center Hospital of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401 (Dr Poser).
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